可燃?xì)怏w有哪些
燃燒是需要條件的,那就是空氣(氧氣)、熱量(火源)和燃料。而可燃?xì)怏w就是燃料中的一類。當(dāng)可燃?xì)怏w的濃度達(dá)到其著火下限(LFL)與著火上限(UFL)之間時(shí),就屬于相當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)的范疇。所以在各相關(guān)行業(yè),例如:煤礦開采、天然氣開采、石油石化、鋼鐵冶金等,均會(huì)通過(guò)建立可燃?xì)怏w傳感及報(bào)警機(jī)制來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)突發(fā)狀況。相關(guān)工作人員也會(huì)配備手持式或便攜式的可燃?xì)怏w探測(cè)器以及時(shí)接收到預(yù)警,保障人員生命安全。
那么,可燃?xì)怏w又有哪些呢?除了常見的一氧化碳、甲烷(沼氣)、乙烷、乙醛、氫、甲醛、苯等以外,可燃?xì)怏w的種類繁多,以下列舉了一部分較為常見的可燃?xì)怏w,僅供參考:
名稱:化學(xué)式[英譯]
乙醛:CH3CHO[Acetaldehyde]
醋酸:CH3COOH[Acetic acid]
醋酸酐:(CH3CO)2O[Acetic anhydride]
丙酮:(CH3)2CO[Acetone]
乙酰氯:CH3COCl[Acetyl chloride]
苯甲醛:C6H5CHO[Benzaldehyde]
苯:C6H6[Benzene]
溴乙烷:CH3CH2Br[Bromoethane]
丁烷:C4H10[Butane]
異丁烷:(CH3)2CHCH3[Isobutane]
正丁醇:CH3(CH2)2CH2OH[Butan-1-ol]
乙酸丁酯:CH3COOCH2(CH2)2CH3[Butyl acetate ]
丁胺:CH3(CH2)3NH2[Butylamine]
一氧化碳:CO[Carbon monoxide]
氯乙烷:CH3CH2Cl[Chloroethane]
環(huán)丁烷:CH2(CH2)2CH2[Cyclobutane]
環(huán)己烷:CH2(CH2)4CH2[Cyclohexane]
環(huán)己酮:CH2(CH2)4CO[Cyclohexanone]
環(huán)己胺:CH2(CH2)4CHNH2[Cyclohexylamine]
環(huán)戊烷:CH2(CH2)3CH2[Cyclopentane]
環(huán)丙烷:CH2CH2CH2[Cyclopropane]
二氯二乙基硅烷:(C2H5)SiCl2[Dichlorodiethyl-silane]
二異丁醇:((CH3)2CHCH2)2CHOH[Diisobutyl carbinol]
二甲胺:(CH3)2NH[Dimethylamine]
二丙胺:(CH3CH2CH2)2NH[Dipropylamine]
乙烷:CH3CH3[Ethane]
乙醇:CH3CH2OH[Ethanol]
乙酸乙酯:CH3COOCH2CH3[Ethyl acetate]
乙胺:C2H5NH2[Ethylamine]
丁酸乙酯:CH3CH2CH2COOC2H5[Ethyl butyrate]
乙基環(huán)己烷:CH3CH2CH(CH2)4CH2[Ethylcyclohexane]
乙基環(huán)戊烷:CH3CH2CH(CH2)3CH2[Ethylcyclopentane]
環(huán)氧乙烷:CH2CH2O[Ethylene oxide]
甲酸乙酯:HCOOCH2CH3[Ethyl formate]
甲醛:HCHO[Formaldehyde]
甲酸:HCOOH[Formic acid]
氫:H2[Hydrogen]
硫化氫:H2S[Hydrogen sulphide]
甲烷(沼氣):CH4[Methane (firedamp)]
甲醇:CH3OH[Methanol]
醋酸甲酯:CH3COOCH3[Methyl acetate]
氯甲酸甲酯:CH3OOCC[Methyl chloro-formate]
硝基甲烷:CH3NO2[Nitromethane]
苯酚:C6H5OH[Phenol]
丙烷:CH3CH2CH3[Propane]
四氫噻吩:CH2(CH2)2CH2S[Tetrahydro-thiophene]
甲苯:C6H5CH3[Toluene]
當(dāng)然,關(guān)注可燃?xì)怏w同時(shí)還需要注意其對(duì)應(yīng)的閃點(diǎn)溫度、著火溫度、蒸汽密度、LFL著火下限、UFL著火上限等重要信息,以此來(lái)進(jìn)行科學(xué)的管理和預(yù)防。目前,各類不同原理的可燃?xì)怏w傳感器被研發(fā)出來(lái)并得以應(yīng)用,例如氧化物半導(dǎo)體型、催化燃燒型、電化學(xué)式型、紅外型等,以對(duì)應(yīng)解決不同的檢測(cè)環(huán)境及要求,從而切實(shí)達(dá)到可燃?xì)怏w預(yù)警、預(yù)報(bào)的作用。